OROL BOʻYI MINTAQASIDA QISHLOQ XOʻJALIGI VA TURIZMNI YASHIL MOLIYALASHTIRISH VA INVESTITSIYA MEXANIZMLARI: BARQAROR RIVOJLANISH ISTIQBOLLARI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21262795Keywords:
yashil moliya; investitsiya; barqaror turizm; yashil obligatsiyalar; aralash moliya; Orol dengizi; Qoraqalpog ʻiston; davlat-xususiy sheriklik.Abstract
Yashil iqtisodiyotga oʻtish katta hajmdagi investitsiyalarni talab qiladi, biroq ekologik degradatsiyaga uchragan
chekka mintaqalarda kapitalni jalb qilish eng qiyin vazifalardan biri boʻlib qolmoqda. Ushbu maqolada Orolboʻyi
mintaqasida — xususan, Qoraqalpogʻiston Respublikasida — qishloq xoʻjaligi va turizmni yashil moliyalashtirish hamda
investitsiya mexanizmlari tahlil qilinadi. Orol dengizining qurishi va Aralkum choʻlining paydo boʻlishi natijasida yuzaga
kelgan ekologik halokat mintaqaning iqtisodiy negizini zaiflashtirdi, shu sababli bu yerda har qanday rivojlanish modeli,
jumladan, turizm ham anʼanaviy bozor mexanizmlari yetib bormaydigan moliyaviy boʻshliqni toʻldirishi lozim. Jahon turizm
tashkiloti (UN Tourism), Jahon iqtisodiy forumi, Iqtisodiy hamkorlik va taraqqiyot tashkiloti (OECD) hamda BMT Taraqqiyot
dasturi hisobotlari, sharhlangan ilmiy adabiyotlar hamda siyosat hujjatlariga tayanib, sifat tahliliga asoslangan keys-stadi
yondashuvi qoʻllanilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni koʻrsatadiki, Oʻzbekiston soʻnggi yillarda yashil moliyaning muhim vositalarini
— 2021-yilda mintaqada birinchi boʻlgan SDG obligatsiyasini va 2023-yilda birinchi suveren yashil yevroobligatsiyani
— joriy etib, kuchli poydevor yaratdi. Biroq bu salohiyatni Orolboʻyida qishloq xoʻjaligi, turizm va tiklash loyihalariga aylantirish
aralash moliya, davlat-xususiy sheriklik, mikrokredit, kafolat fondlari hamda shaffof monitoring kabi muvofiqlashtirilgan
mexanizmlarni talab qiladi. Maqolada ushbu mexanizmlarni manbalardan natijalargacha bogʻlovchi koʻp bosqichli
model taklif etiladi va asosiy xavflar — yashil yuvish, daromadning chiqib ketishi, qarz yuki hamda loyiha tayyorgarligining
yetishmasligi — muhokama qilinadi.
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