XALQARO IQTISODIYOTNING GLOBAL DAROMAD TENGSIZLIKLARINI SHAKLLANTIRISHDAGI ROLI: SAVDO SIYOSATLARI VA REDISTRIBYUTSIYA MEXANIZMLARINING TAQQOSLAYDIGAN TAHLILI
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17475260##article.subject##:
Global daromad tengsizliklari, savdoni liberallashtirish, fiskal redistribyutsiya mexanizmlari, parametrik survival modellash, institutiv chidamlilik, taqqoslaydigan siyosiy iqtisodiyot, farovonlik va soliq islohotlari##article.abstract##
Global iqtisodiy ko‘rsatkichlar — masalan, xalqaro savdo oqimlari — kapital harakati va daromadlarni qayta
taqsimlash to‘g‘risida qimmatli ma’lumot beradi va tengsizlik tadqiqotlari uchun muhim, ma’lumotlarga boy poydevor
hisoblanadi. Ularning asosi bo‘lgan parametrik survival modellari (PSMlar) empirik jihatdan mustahkam, statistik
jihatdan samarali bo‘lib, dunyo bo‘ylab makroiqtisodiy o‘zgaruvchilarning taqsimlashga ta’siri bo‘yicha uzoq muddatli —
taqqoslanadigan tahlillarda tobora ko‘proq qo‘llanilmoqda. Maqolada, butun millatlararo darajada redistribyutiv adolatga
oid siyosat yo‘nalishlarini solishtirgan holda, xalqaro iqtisodiyotning strukturaviy o‘lchovlari ichki redistribyutsiya va tarif
asosidagi tuzatishlardan tashqarida global daromad tengsizlik mexanizmlarini qanday yoritishini tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot
maqsadi – liberal savdo siyosatlari (LSS) va fiskal redistribyutsiya mexanizmlari (FRM/GRM) o‘rtasidagi o‘zaro ta’sirni
baholash, shuningdek, farovonlik kengayishi, mehnat bozorining moslashuvchanligi yoki kapital soliqlari islohotlari
kabi yangi institutiv o‘zgaruvchilarni xaritalashdir. Syujet sifatida, OECD iqtisodiyotlari va Osiyo hamda Lotin Amerikasi
rivojlanayotgan bozorlaridan olingan ma’lumotlar tahlil qilindi — umumiy statistikalar va parametrik baholash yordamida
survival funksiya modellarida bir xil davr bo‘yicha. Ko‘p bosqichli xavf asosli tahlillar natijasida aniqlanishicha, tariflarni
liberallashtirish, chetdan to‘g‘ridan to‘g‘ri investitsiyalarga ochiqlik va ilgari rivojlangan iqtisodiyotlardagi transmilliy
regulyator tizimlar daromad darajasidagi konsentratsiyani tezlashtiradi; holbuki redistribyutiv soliqlar iqtisodiy notinchlikka
nisbatan kamroq chidamlilik ko‘rsatar ekan — avtomatik barqarorlashtiruvchilar, redistribyutiv ta’sir ko‘rsatuvchi sxemalar,
progressiv tizimlar yoki minimal daromadni himoya qilish kabi mexanizmlar kamroq faoliyat ko‘rsatmoqda. Natijalarni
mintaqaga qarab tahlil qilganda, liberal savdo iqtisodiyotlari redistribyutsiya qilish imkoniyatiga struktural bosim o‘tkazsa,
fiskal jihatdan faol iqtisodiyotlar global zarbalarga nisbatan institutiv bo‘yinbog‘ taqdim etishga moyilroq ekani ko‘rinadi.
Maqola xulosasida savdo rejimlari dizaynidagi farqli yo‘llar globalizatsiyaning g‘olib va mag‘lub tomonlari o‘rtasidagi uzoq
davom etuvchi farqlar me’min arxitekturasi ekanligi ta’kidlanadi. Dalillar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, daromad polarizatsiyasining
asosiy determinantasi ko‘p tomonlama bitimlar orqali targ‘ib qilingan yangi savdo ochiqligi emas, balki kapitalga
bog‘langan manfaatdor tomonlar (CCS) siyosat shakllantirish jarayoniga kirish imkoniyatiga ega bo‘lishi bilan uyushib,
ichki redistribyutiv soliq siyosatini passiv yondoshishda qolmoqda
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