RESEARCH AND DESIGN OF ANAEROBIC REACTORS FOR EFFECTIVE FERMENTATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE

Abstract

This article presents the results of research into the development of efficient anaerobic digesters for processing
dense agricultural residues, with a focus on halophytic plant biomass. It is demonstrated that optimizing the reactor design
and process conditions can significantly increase biogas yields when processing mineral-rich plant substrates. Experiments
have shown that processing halophytic plants (Karelinia caspia, Atriplex nitens, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Suaeda
paradoxa) under mesophilic conditions (35°C) results in a biogas yield of 350 ml per 1 g of dry substrate mass over 25
days. Microbial community analysis revealed the optimal ratio of methanogenic bacteria: 45-50% of the total methanogens
are Methanosarcina, 30-35% are Methanosaeta, and 15-20% are Metanomicrobium. The developed technology
ensures anaerobic digester productivity of 15-20 m³ of biogas per 1 m³ of reactor volume per day with a methane content
of over 55%, guaranteeing a positive energy balance for the process. Microbial community analysis revealed the optimal
ratio of methanogenic bacteria: 45-50% of the total methanogens are Methanosarcina, 30-35% are Methanosaeta, and
15-20% are Metanomicrobium. The developed technology ensures anaerobic digester productivity of 15-20 m³ of biogas
per 1 m³ of reactor volume per day with a methane content of over 55%, guaranteeing a positive energy balance for the
process