YASHIL MOLIYA VA IQLIM RISKLARI: XALQARO TAJRIBA HAMDA O‘ZBEKISTONDA BARQAROR MOLIYALASHTIRISH ISTIQBOLLARI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23007827Abstract
Maqolada yashil moliya instrumentlari va iqlim risklarining moliyaviy barqarorlikka ta’siri xalqaro tajriba hamda O‘zbekiston misolida tahlil qilinadi. NGFS, Basel qo‘mitasi, Jahon banki, OECD, UNDP, Climate Bonds Initiative, EBRD va milliy strategik hujjatlar asosiy ma’lumot bazasini tashkil etadi. Global miqyosda 2025-yilda Climate Bonds metodologiyasiga mos GSS+ emissiyasi 1 trln AQSh dollaridan oshib, yashil obligatsiyalar 653,5 mlrd dollar bilan bozorning eng yirik segmenti bo‘lib qolgan. O‘zbekiston bo‘yicha OECD yashil investitsiya ehtiyojlari va amaldagi xarajatlar o‘rtasidagi bo‘shliqni konservativ tarzda yiliga qariyb 6 mlrd dollar deb baholaydi. 2023-yilda chiqarilgan 4,25 trln so‘mlik suveren yashil obligatsiya ADB hisobida qariyb 349,1 mln dollar ekvivalentiga teng bo‘lib, ushbu yillik bo‘shliqning taxminan 5,8 foizini qoplaydi. EBRDning 2023–2025-yillarda ochiq e’lon qilingan besh tanlangan GEFF yashil kredit liniyasi jami 85 mln dollarni tashkil etadi. Jahon banki bahosiga ko‘ra, moslashuv choralarisiz O‘zbekiston iqtisodiyoti 2050-yilga kelib iqlim ta’sirisiz ssenariyga nisbatan 10 foiz kichikroq bo‘lishi mumkin; dekarbonizatsiyaning 2023–2060-yillardagi infratuzilmaviy foydasi esa 178 mlrd dollardan ortiq baholangan. Maqolada iqlim stress-testlari, yashil taksonomiya, transition finance va mahalliy valyutadagi yashil instrumentlarga asoslangan besh blokli barqaror moliyalashtirish modeli taklif etiladi.Keywords
yashil moliya, iqlim riski, yashil obligatsiya, climate stress-test, yashil taksonomiya, ESG, dekarbonizatsiya, transition finance, barqaror moliyalashtirishReferences
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