A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF GLOBALIZATION, EDUCATION, AND TECHNOLOGY’S IMPACT ON IQ LEVELS ACROSS 63 COUNTRIES WORLDWIDE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19633894Keywords:
globalization, IQ, human capital, education, economic development, technologyAbstract
This study examines the impact of globalization, education, and technological development on IQ levels across
63 countries using cross-sectional data. The analysis includes key indicators such as GDP per capita, foreign direct
investment, trade openness, PISA scores, Human Capital Index, research and development expenditure, internet speed,
and the Global AI Index. A robust regression model is applied to estimate the relationships. The results reveal that GDP
per capita and PISA scores are the most significant determinants of cognitive performance at the 1% level. FDI and HCI
show significant but negative effects, while R&D has a weak positive impact. Technological variables are not statistically
significant. The findings suggest that cognitive development is mainly driven by economic and educational factors rather
than technological advancement alone.
References
Keohane, R. O., & Nye, J. S. (2020). Power and Interdependence. New York: Longman.
Hanushek, E. A., & Woessmann, L. (2021). Education and Economic Growth. Economics of Education Review, 84,
OECD. (2020). PISA 2018 Results. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Zhang, Y., Wang, L., & Chen, H. (2021). Internet access and educational outcomes. Computers & Education, 172,
Rodrik, D. (2021). Why Does Globalization Fuel Inequality? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 35(4), 3–24.
Rohde, N., Tang, K. K., & Rao, P. (2020). The effect of economic growth on cognitive development. Economics &
Human Biology, 37, 100866.
UNCTAD. (2023). World Investment Report 2023. Geneva: United Nations.
Barro, R. J., & Lee, J. W. (2021). Education matters: Global schooling dataset. Journal of Development Economics,
, 102615.
Acemoglu, D., & Restrepo, P. (2020). Artificial intelligence and jobs. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 34(1), 3–30.
Wooldridge, J. M. (2020). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach. Boston: Cengage Learning.
World Bank. (2020). Human Capital Index 2020 Update. Washington, DC: World Bank.
IMF. (2023). World Economic Outlook. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.
Aghion, P., & Howitt, P. (2021). Endogenous Growth Theory. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Lucas, R. E. (2020). On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22(1), 3–42.
Becker, G. S. (2021). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Gonzalez, R., & O’Neill, B. (2023). Global inequality and human capital development. World Development, 162,
Baldwin, R. (2020). The Great Convergence: Information Technology and the New Globalization. Harvard University
Press.
Friedman, T. (2020). The World is Flat. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
UNESCO. (2022). Global Education Monitoring Report. Paris: UNESCO.
Sianesi, B., & Van Reenen, J. (2021). The returns to education: A review of evidence. Economic Journal, 131(635),
–345.
Autor, D. (2022). The work of the future. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 36(2), 3–30.
World Bank. (2022). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Tortoise Media. (2022). Global AI Index Report. London: Tortoise Media.
OECD. (2023). FDI Statistics Report. Paris: OECD Publishing.
UNDP. (2022). Human Development Report. New York: United Nations Development Programme.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 MUHANDISLIK VA IQTISODIYOT

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.